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A length of cotton is measured between two points on a ruler.
When the length of cotton is wound closely around a pen, it goes round six times.
What is the distance once round the pen?
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When does an object falling vertically through the air reach terminal velocity?
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A car is moving along a straight, level road, with a constant acceleration. Which graph shows the motion of the car?
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Diagram 1 shows a beam balance. A beaker with a wire loop balances the standard masses.
The beaker is then removed and hung from a spring. The spring extends by 5.0 cm, as in diagram 2.
The experiment is repeated with the same apparatus on the Moon, where the acceleration of free fall is less than on Earth.
Which statement describes what happens on the Moon?
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An object always has mass but does not always have weight.
What must be present and acting on the mass for it to have weight?
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A force acting on a moving ball causes its motion to change. This force stays constant.
What makes the force produce a greater change in the motion of the ball?
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A balloon and a mass are attached to a rod that is pivoted at P.
The balloon is filled with helium, a gas less dense than air, so that it applies an upward force on the rod.
The rod is horizontal and stationary.
Which action causes the rod to rotate clockwise?
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A car is moving in a straight line on a level road. Its engine provides a forward force on the car. A second force of equal size acts on the car due to resistive forces. Which statement describes what happens?
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Which expression gives the momentum of an object?
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As energy is transferred into different forms, it eventually becomes dissipated. What does this mean?
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A ball of mass 1.2 kg is dropped from a height of 30 m. As it falls, 25% of its initial gravitational potential energy is transferred to thermal energy.
What is the kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground?
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A girl hangs by her hands from a bar in the gymnasium. She pulls herself up until her chin is level with the bar. The mass of the girl is 48 kg. She pulls herself up through a distance of 0.25 m. She does this in 2.0 s. What is the useful power she uses to pull herself up?
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Four identical beakers are filled with equal volumes of liquids P or Q, as shown. Liquid P is more dense than liquid Q. At which point is the pressure the least?
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An oil tank has a base of area 2.5 $\text{m}^2$ and is filled with oil to a depth of 1.2 m.
The density of the oil is 800 $\text{kg/m}^3$.
What is the force exerted on the base of the tank due to the oil?
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When molecules of a gas rebound from a wall of a container, the wall experiences a pressure. What is the cause of this pressure?
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A student wishes to calibrate a mercury-in-glass thermometer with a °C scale.
Which values should she use for the lower fixed point and for the upper fixed point?
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Which statements about boiling and about evaporation are both correct?
[Table_1]
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On a cold day, a metal front-door knob X and a similar plastic knob Y are at the same temperature.
Why does X feel cooler to the touch than Y?
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Light travels at a speed of $2.0 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}$ in a glass block.
In the glass, the wavelength of the light is $4.0 \times 10^{-7} \, \text{m}$.
What is the frequency of the light?
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Which arrow on the graph shows the amplitude of the wave?
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Scout P signals to scout Q on the other side of a valley by using a mirror to reflect the Sun’s light. Which mirror position allows the Sun’s light to be reflected to scout Q?
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A prism is made from transparent plastic. In this plastic, light travels at $0.80c$, where $c$ is its speed in air. Light enters one face of the prism at right-angles as shown.
The light just escapes from the sloping face of the prism.
What is angle \( \theta \)?
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The Sun emits infra-red radiation and light.
Light from the Sun reaches the Earth in 8 minutes.
Which row gives correct information about the infra-red radiation?
[Table_1]
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A dolphin has a range of audible frequencies of 150 Hz–150 kHz.
Which range of frequencies can be heard both by humans with good hearing and by dolphins?
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A permanent magnet is placed close to a bar of soft iron.
[Diagram of a permanent magnet labeled 'S' and 'N' and a soft iron bar labeled 'P' and 'Q']
What are the polarities of end P and of end Q?
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A steel magnet is placed inside a coil of wire. Which method is used to demagnetise the magnet?
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The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a rechargeable battery is 6.0 V.
What does this mean?
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A student measures the potential difference across a device and the current in the device. Which calculation gives the resistance of the device?
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A water heater is connected to a 230V supply and there is a current of 26A in the heater. It takes 20 minutes to heat the water to the required temperature. How much energy is supplied by the heater?
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Which electrical symbol represents a diode?
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A student sets up this circuit.
What is the purpose of the circuit?
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The diagram shows two voltmeters P and Q connected to a potential divider.
The sliding connection at point X is moved towards the top of the diagram.
What happens to the reading on P and to the reading on Q?
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The diagram represents a digital circuit using a NOR gate and an AND gate.
What is the truth table for this circuit?
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Which statement about electromagnetic induction is correct?
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The diagram shows a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Which arrow shows the direction of the force acting on the conductor?
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Power losses in transmission cables are reduced by increasing the transmission voltage.
What is the explanation for this reduction?
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In the atomic model, an atom consists of a central mass, orbited by much smaller particles. What is the name of the central mass and of the orbiting particles?
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Nuclear fusion is a reaction that takes place in stars.
Which row describes this reaction?
[Table_1]
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The diagram shows emissions from a source passing into the electric field between two charged plates.
What is emitted by this source?
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The graph shows how the count rate registered by a counter near to a sample of a radioactive isotope changes over a period of a few days. The background count rate is 5 counts per minute.
What is the half-life of the isotope?
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