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Mineral wool soaked in aqueous ammonia is placed in the apparatus shown.
After five minutes, the damp red litmus paper turned blue.
Which process led to this change?
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Solid R reacted with dilute sulfuric acid.
The initial temperature of the dilute sulfuric acid and the final temperature of the solution are shown.
What was the change in temperature in °C?
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552
The melting points of four impure samples of lead(II) bromide were measured. The results are shown. Which sample is the most pure?
[Table_1]
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595
518
Symbols representing four particles are shown.
$$^{40}_{20}W \quad ^{41}_{20}X^{2+} \quad ^{37}_{18}Y \quad ^{37}_{17}Z$$
The letters are not the chemical symbols.
Which particles have the same number of neutrons?
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597
Which name is given to a pure substance made from more than one type of atom?
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504
The diagram shows solid element Q reacting with an acid to produce gas R.
Which row describes Q and R?
[Table_1]
524
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521
The 'lead' in a pencil is made of a mixture of graphite and clay.
When the percentage of graphite is increased, the pencil slides across the paper more easily.
Which statement explains this observation?
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The equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute sulfuric acid is shown.
The $M_r$ of MgSO$_4$ is 120.
$$\text{Mg} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{MgSO}_4 + \text{H}_2$$
Which mass of magnesium sulfate is formed when 12 g of magnesium completely reacts with dilute sulfuric acid?
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What is produced at each electrode when molten rubidium chloride is electrolysed using platinum electrodes?
[Table_1]
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559
What is released when any fuel is burned?
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552
Group I metals react vigorously with water and release heat.
Which statement about this reaction is correct?
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563
The diagram shows a rate of reaction experiment.
Increasing the concentration of the acid and increasing the temperature both affect the rate of reaction.
Which row is correct?
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550
In a chemical reaction, blue compound X changed into white compound Y.
X \rightarrow Y
blue white
Which statement describes this reaction?
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548
Which equation shows an oxidation reaction?
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Pieces of damp red litmus paper and damp blue litmus paper are placed in three different gas jars.
In which gas jars does at least one piece of litmus paper change colour?
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Which methods are suitable for preparing both zinc sulfate and copper(II) sulfate?
1. reacting the metal oxide with warm dilute aqueous sulfuric acid
2. reacting the metal with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid
3. reacting the metal carbonate with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid
540
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A white crystalline solid is dissolved in distilled water. A small amount of dilute nitric acid is added followed by aqueous silver nitrate. No visible change occurs. What can be deduced about the white crystalline solid?
535
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541
Which element is classified as a non-metal in the Periodic Table?
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593
Part of the Periodic Table is shown.
Element Q has a low boiling point, low density and does not conduct electricity.
Which element is Q?
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565
Which row describes a typical transition element?
[Table_1]
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Helium is a noble gas.
Which statement is correct?
523
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510
Which diagram represents a solid alloy?
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Some reactions of three metals and their oxides are shown.
[Table_1]
What is the order of reactivity of the metals?
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Which statement about the extraction of metals is correct?
586
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504
Which statement explains why aluminium is used to manufacture aircraft?
587
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571
Dry air is passed over hot copper until all the oxygen has reacted.
The volume of gas at the end of the reaction is 120 cm3.
What is the starting volume of dry air?
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527
A steel bicycle which had been left outdoors for several months was starting to rust.
What would not reduce the rate of corrosion?
592
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527
Which statements about water are correct?
1 Household water contains dissolved salts.
2 Water for household use is filtered to remove soluble impurities.
3 Water is treated with chlorine to kill bacteria.
4 Water is used in industry for cooling.
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Fertilisers are often mixtures of solid compounds.
Which compounds can be mixed to provide the three elements needed for healthy plant growth?
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Carbon dioxide and methane are both greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change.
Which statement explains how greenhouse gases contribute to climate change?
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524
Element Z forms an oxide, $Z\text{O}_2$. Three uses of $Z\text{O}_2$ are listed.
- bleaching agent
- killing bacteria
- manufacturing an important acid
559
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Limestone is an important material with many uses.
Limestone is heated to produce ......1...... and carbon dioxide.
This reaction is called ......2...... .
Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?
542
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Lime is used to treat an industrial waste.
Which change occurs in the treatment?
[Table_1]
595
563
567
What is not the correct use of the fraction named?
[Table_1]
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584
Four organic compounds are listed.
ethane
ethanoic acid
ethanol
ethene
Which bond do all four compounds contain?
552
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536
The structures of some organic compounds are shown.
Which compounds belong to the same homologous series?
524
578
565
Which substances can be obtained by cracking hydrocarbons?
514
532
600
Sugars and ethene can both be made into ethanol using different reactions. Which type of reaction is used in each case? [Table_1]
578
571
547
