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1. (a) Describe the meaning of the term species.
[2]
(b) Fig. 1.1 is a photograph of Lithobius forficatus, a species of myriapod.
(i) State the genus of the organism shown in Fig. 1.1.
[1]
(ii) State one feature visible in Fig. 1.1 that identifies the organism as:
a myriapod.
an arthropod.
[2]
(iii) State the names of two groups of arthropods, other than myriapods.
1
2
[2]
(iv) State two features of plant cells that would be absent in the cells of the organism shown in Fig. 1.1.
1
2
[2]
(c) Adaptive features enable organisms to survive in their environment.
Fig. 1.2 is a photograph of another species of arthropod. Some of its adaptive features are
visible in Fig. 1.2.
(i) State one adaptive feature visible in Fig. 1.2 that reduces water loss when the organism is on land.
[1]
(ii) State the name of the kingdom that the organism in Fig. 1.2 belongs to.
[1]
564
600
558
2. (a) Fig. 2.1 is a diagram of a human tooth.
The boxes on the left contain the letters identifying the parts in Fig. 2.1.
The boxes on the right contain the names of some parts shown in Fig. 2.1.
Draw lines to link each letter to its correct name.
letter in Fig. 2.1 name
A
B
C
D
bone
dentine
enamel
gum
pulp
[4]
(b) Complete the sentences to describe the role of teeth in digestion.
The teeth are needed for ... digestion.
They break down food into smaller ... .
This increases the ... area of the food for the action of biological catalysts called ... .
These biological catalysts are needed for ... digestion.
[5]
(c) State the names of two different types of human teeth.
1
2
[2]
524
566
583
3. Fig. 3.1 is a photomicrograph of a sample of human blood.
(a) Identify and describe the functions of the cells labelled A and B in Fig. 3.1. [4]
(b) Describe how platelets in the blood prevent disease. [2]
(c) Blood plasma transports many substances including excretory products and hormones.
(i) Circle the names of two excretory products in humans.
amino acids cellulose carbon dioxide glucose lipase oxygen urea [2]
(ii) State the names of two hormones that are produced by the reproductive organs.
1
2
[2]
505
555
517
4. (a) Fig. 4.1 is a diagram of a cross-section of a root.
(i) Circle two substances transported by the part labelled X in Fig. 4.1.
amino acids cellulose fatty acids glucose glycogen starch sucrose [2]
(ii) Label the part of the root in Fig. 4.1 that absorbs mineral ions from the soil with a label line and the correct name. [2]
(b) Mineral ions are absorbed by active transport and are transported with water in the xylem.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term active transport. [3]
(ii) State one function of xylem other than transport. [1]
(c) Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from leaves.
State two environmental factors that affect the rate of transpiration.
1
2
[2]
508
533
539
5. Fig. 5.1 shows a pyramid of numbers for a food chain.
(a) Write the food chain for the pyramid of numbers shown in Fig. 5.1. [2]
(b) Identify the number of trophic levels in Fig. 5.1. [1]
(c) The words in the list can be used to describe the organisms shown in Fig. 5.1.
carnivore consumer decomposer herbivore producer
Choose words from the list to describe the:
banana plant
tree frog and [3]
(d) State one advantage of using a pyramid of biomass rather than a pyramid of numbers. [1]
(e) Describe how plants synthesise carbohydrates. [3]
568
560
529
6. (a) Fig. 6.1 is a graph that shows the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water at increasing distances along a river.
Untreated sewage is released into the river. This is marked on the graph in Fig. 6.1.
(i) Describe the results shown in Fig. 6.1. [3]
(ii) Predict and explain the effect on the organisms in the river of the dissolved oxygen concentration at X in Fig. 6.1. [2]
(b) Describe why it is important for humans that sewage is treated before entering rivers. [1]
(c) Pollution can cause organisms to become extinct.
State three other factors that can cause extinction.
1
2
3
[3]
578
540
530
7. (a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram showing some of the organs in the human body.
Table 7.1 shows the names of some of the organs in Fig. 7.1, the identifying letters of some of these organs and their functions.
Complete Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
name letter in Fig. 7.1 function
excretes carbon dioxide from the body
heart B
F stores urine
excretes urea, excess water and ions [6]
(b) State the names of two organs from the human female reproductive system.
1
2
[2]
(c) Excretion and reproduction are two characteristics of all living organisms.
Place ticks (✔) in two boxes to show other characteristics of all living organisms.
breathing eating growing moving sleeping talking [2]
521
534
520
8. (a) Fig. 8.1 is a diagram representing a reflex action.
When the knee is tapped with a small rubber hammer, the leg will immediately straighten.
(i) Identify the parts labelled X and Y in Fig. 8.1.
X
Y
[2]
(ii) State the name of the effector in the example shown in Fig. 8.1. [1]
(iii) Describe the stimulus in the example shown in Fig. 8.1. [1]
(iv) State two features of reflex actions.
1
2
[2]
(b) The shortest neurones in the human body are 0.0004 mm.
The longest neurones are 1.5 m.
Calculate how many times longer the longest neurones are than the shortest.
Space for working. [2]
(c) State the name given to the junction between neurones. [1]
597
558
530
