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What are characteristics of all organisms?
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The scientific name for the golden eagle is \textit{Aquila chrysaetos}. What is the genus of the golden eagle?
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Which row shows structures that are present in both root hair cells and palisade mesophyll cells? [Table_1]
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583
The photomicrograph shows a plant cell. The length of line XY is 90 mm. The actual length of the cell is 30 \mu m. What is the magnification of the photomicrograph?
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The diagram shows an experiment demonstrating osmosis using a dialysis tubing bag. After 30 minutes, the level of the liquid in the glass tube goes ......1...... because the water had a ......2...... water potential than the sugar solution. Which words correctly complete the statement?
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The diagram shows the movement of glucose molecules across a cell membrane. Which statement describes molecule T?
561
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591
The diagram shows part of a protein molecule. What does X represent?
589
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The structure of DNA involves two strands coiled together to form a double helix.
Which pairing of bases between the two strands is correct?
573
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502
What is true of all enzymes? [Table_1]
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Which statement about human enzymes is correct when they are at temperatures above 80\(^\circ\)C?
527
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An experiment is set up to investigate gas exchange in aquatic plants. The hydrogencarbonate indicator solution is orange at the start. Which colour is it after three hours?
550
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533
Certain factors are needed for photosynthesis. If a factor is in short supply, it limits the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these could be limiting factors? 1. carbon dioxide 2. oxygen 3. light intensity
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The haemoglobin concentration in the blood of a person is 80 g/dm^3. The accepted normal concentration is 120 g/dm^3 or above. Which substance may be lacking in their diet?
600
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Which statement about physical digestion is correct?
523
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575
Which statement describes the effect of atmospheric humidity on the rate of transpiration?
577
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510
Sucrose and amino acids move around a plant from sources to sinks. Which row shows the sources and sinks? [Table_1]
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551
Which statements describe how the structures in the circulatory system function?
1. a muscular pump to push blood into vessels
2. valves to ensure one-way blood flow
3. veins to take blood away from the heart
4. vessels to return blood to the heart
534
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The diagram shows a section through the heart. Which part is the septum?
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The cholera bacterium toxin causes dehydration and loss of salts from the blood in humans.
Which statement explains the reason for this?
508
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579
During inspiration, the processes listed take place.
P volume of the thorax increases
Q air rushes into the lungs
R pressure in the thorax decreases
S external intercostal muscles contract
T diaphragm moves down, ribs move upwards and outwards
What is the correct sequence for these processes?
553
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In the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast, the numbers have been replaced by the letters W, X, Y and Z. $$C_WH_XO_W \rightarrow YC_YH_ZOH + YCO_Y$$ Which number is Z?
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531
A student measured their oxygen consumption before, during and after exercise.
The results are shown in the graph.
At which time is the oxygen debt being removed?
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Which row shows where glucose will be found in the body of a healthy human after eating a meal? [Table_1]
518
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591
The events listed involve neurotransmitter molecules at a synapse.
1. They bind with receptor proteins.
2. They diffuse across the synaptic gap.
3. They enter the synaptic gap.
4. They are released from vesicles.
What is the sequence of events that occur when an impulse arrives at the synapse?
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What occurs during accommodation to focus on distant objects? [Table_1]
540
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505
What is a correct statement about auxin in shoots?
582
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509
What is a correct statement about antibiotics?
533
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Potatoes are stem tubers. A tuber can be placed in the ground to grow into another plant, which can grow many more tubers. The diploid number of the potato plant is 24. How many chromosomes will there be in the cells of the stem, the leaf and the pollen?
502
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Which row about asexual reproduction is correct?
[Table_1]
567
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The statements describe how a protein is made.
1. mRNA passes through a ribosome.
2. mRNA molecules carry a copy of the gene to the cytoplasm.
3. The gene coding for the protein is copied in the nucleus.
4. Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins.
What is the order of statements that describes how a protein is made?
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Which parents could produce offspring with blood group O?
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The diagram shows the inheritance of albinism in one family. Albinism is an inherited condition caused by a recessive allele.
Which individuals must be heterozygous for this condition?
590
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512
Which term is a genetic change?
547
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536
Which adaptation may be present in a xerophyte?
557
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The diagram shows energy flow from the Sun, through a food chain and into the environment.
What is the form of energy for each numbered arrow?
545
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A few yeast cells were placed in a container of nutrient solution. The graph shows how their population size changed over time. Which row shows when the reproduction rate was greater than the death rate for the numbered phases on the graph? [Table_1]
526
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The number of Atlantic bluefin tuna fish found in the Atlantic Ocean has significantly decreased in the last 50 years. Which method would make the biggest improvement in the conservation of tuna fish stocks?
550
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536
The bloodworm is an organism that is found in heavily polluted water.
The diagram shows where raw sewage flows into a river.
Where would there be fewest bloodworms?
512
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542
The diagram shows a bacterial cell.
Which part is useful in genetic modification?
557
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560
Which statement about genetic modification is correct?
585
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526
