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A list of compounds is shown.
[Image_1: List of compounds]
Answer the following questions using only the compounds from the list. Each compound may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(a) Give the name of the compound that is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. [1]
(b) Name the compound that leads to the deoxygenation of water in rivers. [1]
(c) Identify the gas which turns damp red litmus paper blue. [1]
(d) What is the main constituent of natural gas? [1]
(e) Name the product of photosynthesis. [1]
(f) Identify a compound of a transition element. [1]
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Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
(a) Describe two characteristics of a mixture. [2]
(b) [Image_2: Fractionating column]
Fig. 2.1 shows a fractionating column for separating petroleum into different hydrocarbon fractions.
(i) On Fig. 2.1, draw an X inside the column to show where the hydrocarbon with the lowest volatility collects. [1]
(ii) Name the fraction labeled A in Fig. 2.1. [1]
(iii) State the fraction with hydrocarbons that have the longest chain length. [1]
(iv) State one use of the fuel oil fraction. [1]
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Table 3.1 shows the average concentrations, in ng/1000cm³, of air pollutants in four different years.
[Table_1: Air pollutant concentrations]
(a) (i) Name the oxide pollutant with the highest concentration in 2021. [1]
(ii) Identify the pollutant decreasing continuously from 2019 to 2022. [1]
(iii) Calculate the mass, in ng, of particulates in a 250cm³ sample of polluted air in 2019. [1]
(b) (i) State one adverse effect of particulates on health. [1]
(ii) State the meaning of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. [1]
(c) (i) Choose the pH value for an acidic solution. [1]
(ii) Complete the sentence about reducing oxides of nitrogen from car exhausts. [1]
(iii) Name the solution and metal used to test for nitrate ions. [2]
(d) (i) Write the equation for the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide producing nitric oxide and oxygen. [2]
(ii) State the meaning of the symbol ↑. [1]
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Tin is a solid at room temperature.
(a) State two general properties of a solid. [2]
(b) [Image_3: Physical states of tin]
Name the changes of state A and B. [2]
(c) Describe solid and liquid tin in terms of particle separation and motion.
Solid tin - Separation, Motion. [2]
Liquid tin - Separation, Motion. [2]
(d) How does decreasing temperature affect the volume of carbon dioxide gas in a syringe, at constant pressure? [1]
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This question is about metals.
(a) [Table_2: Properties of Group I metals] Use Table 5.1 to predict:
(i) Boiling point of sodium. [1]
(ii) Atomic volume of rubidium. [1]
(iii) Observations when lithium reacts with water. [1]
(iv) Physical state of lithium at 1300°C, explaining your answer. [2]
(b) Iron is extracted in a blast furnace. Explain how the equation shows iron(III) oxide is reduced. [1]
(ii) Choose the meaning of (III) in iron(III) oxide. [1]
(iii) Complete the word equation for thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. [2]
(c) [Image_4: Diagrams of alloys] Choose the diagram that best shows an alloy structure. [1]
(ii) Give one reason for using stainless steel instead of pure iron for cutlery. [1]
(d) [Table_3: Metal reactions with HCl] Rank the metals in order of reactivity. [2]
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A student investigates the reaction of large pieces of magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid at 20°C.
(a) [Image_5: Graph of hydrogen gas release]
(i) Deduce the volume of hydrogen gas released after 30 s. [1]
(ii) Draw a line on the grid to show the effect of using smaller pieces of magnesium. [2]
(b) (i) Describe the effect on reaction rate at 35°C. [1]
(ii) Describe the effect on reaction rate with lower acid concentration. [1]
(c) Complete the word equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid and lithium hydroxide. [2]
(ii) Choose the word describing this type of reaction. [1]
(iii) State the color of thymolphthalein in sodium hydroxide. [1]
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Fig. 7.1 shows the displayed formula of fumaric acid.
[Image_6: Displayed formula]
(a) (i) Circle one carboxylic acid functional group. [1]
(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of fumaric acid. [1]
(iii) Describe the color change when excess fumaric acid is added to aqueous bromine. [2]
(b) Complete Table 7.1 to calculate the relative molecular mass of C4H6O6. [Table_4: Relative molecular mass]
Relative molecular mass = ... [2]
(c) Complete the word equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with sodium carbonate. [3]
(d) Ethanoic acid from ethanol:
(i) State one use of ethanol. [1]
(ii) Choose the general formula for alcohol homologous series. [1]
(iii) State two conditions for the reaction of ethanol to ethene. [2]
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Zinc chloride is an ionic compound.
(a) Describe one physical property of ionic compounds. [1]
(b) [Image_7: Chloride ion diagram] Complete to show electronic configuration and charge. [2]
(c) Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in the zinc ion shown. [2]
(ii) Complete the sentence: Positive ions are known as... [1]
(d) Electrolysis of molten zinc chloride using graphite electrodes describes products and observations. [3]
(e) Graphite electrodes:
(i) State one other property. [1]
(ii) Choose the correct structure and bonding type. [1]
(iii) State one use of graphite besides electrodes. [1]
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