Cambridge IGCSE Physics - 0625 - Supplement Paper 2 2023 Winter Zone 3

How many of the quantities shown are scalars?
mass, momentum, density, energy

A train is on a straight track. The graph shows how a quantity $y$ varies with time.
Which statements can be true?
1 The train is stationary and $y$ represents the distance from the last station.
2 The train is moving and $y$ represents the distance from the last station.
3 The train is stationary and $y$ represents the speed of the train.
4 The train is moving and $y$ represents the speed of the train.

The diagram shows a speed–time graph for a moving object. Which description of the object’s motion is correct?

The mass of air hitting the blades of a wind turbine each second is $1.5 \times 10^4$ kg. The speed of the air is $4.0 \text{ m/s}$. The density of air is $1.2 \text{ kg/m}^3$. Which row gives the volume of the air hitting the blades each second and the kinetic energy of the air hitting the blades each second? [Table_1]

An object moves in a circle at constant speed. Which statement about the force needed on the object is correct?

A uniform rod rests on a pivot at its centre. The rod is not attached to the pivot. Forces are then applied to the rod in four different ways, as shown. The weight of the rod can be ignored.
Which diagram shows the rod in equilibrium?

A car of mass 1200 kg is travelling along a straight horizontal road. Which impulse is needed to accelerate the car from 5.0 m/s to 10 m/s?

A mass bounces up and down on a steel spring. The diagram shows the mass and the spring at different points during the motion.
At which point is the least energy in the gravitational potential store of the mass and at which point is the most energy in the elastic store of the spring?

A boy uses a rope to pull an object of mass $m$ up a slope.
The rope is parallel to the slope.
The tension in the rope is constant and of value $F$.
The object moves a distance $d$ along the slope and rises through a height $h$.
How much work is done by the boy?

A microwave oven is rated at 900 watts. Which statement correctly describes the meaning of this value?

An object is immersed in a liquid of density $\rho$. The pressure at this depth due to the liquid is $p$. The gravitational field strength is $g$.
What is the equation for the depth $h$ of the object beneath the surface?

A sealed bottle of constant volume contains air. The air in the bottle is heated by the Sun. What is the effect on the average speed of the air particles in the bottle and the average distance between them? [Table_1]

In an experiment to investigate the relationship between the volume of a sample of air and its pressure, the volume of the sample is decreased and its pressure is measured continuously. Curve X on the graph shows the results that would be expected for a fixed mass of air at constant temperature. Curve Y shows the results that are obtained in this particular experiment. Which row shows two possible reasons why curve Y is different from curve X?

A student splashes water on to her face. Here are three statements about the effects.
P The water uses energy to evaporate.
Q The water gains energy from the student.
R The face of the student cools.

Which statements are correct?

Four containers each contain water. More water at the same temperature is added to each container. From which container does water now evaporate more slowly than it did before?

A cupboard is placed in front of a heater. Air can move through a gap under the cupboard.
Which row describes the temperature and the direction of movement of the air in the gap?

Light diffracts when it enters a telescope. This causes the image to blur slightly. The amount of diffraction depends on the diameter of the hole through which the light enters the telescope and the wavelength of the light.
Which combination for diameter and wavelength will result in the sharpest image (least blurring)?
[Table_1]

The diagram shows a transverse wave.
Which row identifies the amplitude and the wavelength of the wave?

The diagram shows the effect of a prism on white light. Some light is reflected on striking the prism and some is refracted and dispersed to form a spectrum. What happens if monochromatic light is used instead of white light?

The diagram shows a ray of light incident on a plane mirror. The angle between the ray and the mirror is 35°. The ray is reflected by the mirror. What is the angle of reflection?

A thin converging lens in a camera produces a real image on a photo-sensitive surface, as shown. At which position is the image of the top of the object formed?

Light is travelling through air. It strikes a glass block at an angle of incidence of 45\(^\circ\). The glass has a refractive index of 1.4. What is the angle of refraction of the light as it enters the glass?

Which row gives approximate values for the speed of sound in copper, water and air? [Table_1]

Which metal can be attracted by a magnet?

The diagram shows an electric circuit: . In which direction do free electrons flow around this circuit and what quantity does the ammeter measure? [Table_1] displays the options.

Which substances both contain large concentrations of free electrons?

A resistance wire of length $L$ melts and has to be replaced with a wire of the same material and the same resistance. The only wire available has twice the diameter of the broken wire. Which length of this wire should be used?

A teacher wishes to show the production of electrostatic charges.
She holds a rod and rubs it with a cotton cloth. A copper rod, a glass rod, a plastic rod and a steel rod are available.
Which two rods would both be suitable to use?

Two resistors, with resistances $R_1$ and $R_2$, are used as a potential divider. What is the relationship between $R_1$, $R_2$ and potential differences $V_1$ and $V_2$?

The diagram shows a light-dependent resistor (LDR) connected in a potential divider circuit. The brightness of the light falling on the LDR is increased. Which row shows what happens to the resistance of the LDR and what happens to the reading on the voltmeter? [Table_1]

A simple a.c. generator has a coil rotating in a magnetic field. What happens to the peak electromotive force (e.m.f.) and to the frequency of the a.c. output when the coil is rotated faster? [Table_1]

A current passes along a wire placed between the poles of a permanent magnet. The wire experiences a force due to the magnetic field. What will change the direction of this force?

What is a transformer used for?

The scattering of $\alpha$-particles by a thin gold foil provides evidence for the nuclear model of the atom. Two $\alpha$-particles of the same energy are incident on a nucleus of gold. Which diagram shows the correct paths followed by the $\alpha$-particles as they pass close to the nucleus?

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5700 years.
An object containing carbon-14 has a count rate of 100 counts/minute when it is first formed. The graph shows how the count rate decreases over time.
Which point on the graph corresponds to a time 11400 years after the formation of the object?

Why are beta-particles deflected more strongly than alpha-particles when they enter an electric field?

Which statement describes how nuclear energy is released by fission in a nuclear power station?

The diagram shows a star S and the initial arrangement of three planets, X, Y and Z.


Each planet orbits clockwise in a circle about S.

The time for one orbit of Y is three times the time taken for one orbit of X.
The time for one orbit of Z is twice the time taken for one orbit of Y.

Starting from the initial arrangement, which diagram shows the positions of the planets after X has made one complete orbit?

The nearest star to the Sun is about four light-years away from the Earth. A student makes three statements about the star. 1. Light from the star takes about four years to reach the Earth. 2. Light from the Sun takes about four years to travel to the star and back to the Earth. 3. The star is outside our galaxy. Which statements are correct?

A planet orbits the Sun with orbital period $T$. The average radius of the orbit is $r$. What is the average orbital speed of the planet?