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A gas is placed in a sealed container. The gas has a pressure of one atmosphere and a temperature of 50°C. It is heated to 100°C. Which row describes the cause of the pressure of the gas and the effect of increasing the temperature of the gas? [Table_1]
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Four experiments, each containing a different acidic gas, are set up as shown. The dividing glass plates are removed at the same time. In which set of apparatus does the litmus turn red first?
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The Group I element potassium forms an ionic bond with the Group VII element fluorine.
Which two ions are produced?
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X and Y are atoms. - X and Y have the same number of electron shells. - X and Y have the same number of outer electrons. - X and Y have different mass numbers. Which statements about X and Y are correct? 1. X and Y are isotopes. 2. X and Y have the same total number of electrons. 3. X and Y have the same chemical properties.
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Lithium chloride is an ionic compound and silicon(IV) oxide is a covalent compound. Which statement about both compounds is correct?
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Which equations are balanced?\n1. $Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \rightarrow 2Fe + 3CO_2$\n2. $ZnCO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$\n3. $Mg(NO_3)_2 + NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaNO_3$\n4. $CaCO_3 + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow CaSO_4 + H_2O + CO_2$
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Which row shows the formulae of sodium carbonate, zinc nitrate and ammonium sulfate? [Table_1]
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Which statements about hydrogen and oxygen are correct? [Table_1]
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Graphite has a giant covalent structure. Which statements about graphite are correct? 1. Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms. 2. There are delocalised electrons between layers of carbon atoms. 3. Graphite is a useful lubricant. 4. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
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Which reaction pathway diagram represents an endothermic reaction?
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Hydrogen burns in oxygen. The equation for the reaction is shown. $$2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$$
The table shows the bond energies involved.
[Table_1]
What is the energy given out during the reaction?
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Which process involves a chemical change?
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An experiment is carried out to find the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc.
$ \text{Zn(s)} + 2\text{HCl(aq)} \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2\text{(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)} $
The results of the experiment are shown.
[Image_1: A graph with y-axis labeled 'y-axis' and x-axis labeled 'time', showing a decreasing curve]
What is the label on the $ y $-axis?
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Hydrogen peroxide, $\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$, decomposes to form water and oxygen. $$2\text{H}_2\text{O}_2(\text{aq}) \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g})$$ Manganese(IV) oxide catalyses the decomposition reaction. The reaction is investigated in four experiments. | experiment | volume and concentration of hydrogen peroxide | conditions | |------------|---------------------------------------------|------------| | 1 | $12.5 \text{ cm}^3$ of $1.0 \text{ mol/dm}^3$ | $25^\circ \text{C}$ with manganese(IV) oxide powder added | | 2 | $12.5 \text{ cm}^3$ of $2.0 \text{ mol/dm}^3$ | $40^\circ \text{C}$ with manganese(IV) oxide powder added | | 3 | $25 \text{ cm}^3$ of $1.0 \text{ mol/dm}^3$ | $40^\circ \text{C}$ without manganese(IV) oxide powder | | 4 | $25 \text{ cm}^3$ of $1.0 \text{ mol/dm}^3$ | $40^\circ \text{C}$ with manganese(IV) oxide powder added | All reactions go to completion and all measurements of gas volumes are at room temperature and pressure. Which statement is correct?
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Sulfuric acid is produced by the Contact process. Which row shows the typical conditions used in the process?
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Which equation shows the reduction of copper?
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Which statement about acids is correct?
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Copper(II) sulfate is formed by reacting excess solid copper(II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid. Which processes are part of the preparation of solid copper(II) sulfate? 1 crystallisation 2 distillation 3 filtration 4 titration
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Which type of reaction is represented by the equation shown? $$ \text{Pb}^{2+}(\text{aq}) + 2\text{NO}_3^{-}(\text{aq}) + 2\text{Na}^{+}(\text{aq}) + 2\text{I}^{-}(\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{PbI}_2(\text{s}) + 2\text{Na}^{+}(\text{aq}) + 2\text{NO}_3^{-}(\text{aq}) $$
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Which compound is likely to be coloured?
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Which statements about the metal zinc are correct?
1. It is extracted from the ore bauxite.
2. It is used to galvanise steel.
3. It is used to make the alloy brass.
4. It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas.
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The electronic configurations of four elements, P, Q, R and S, are shown.\n\n[Table_1]\n\nWhich elements are unreactive monatomic gases?
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Which row compares the strength of alloys with pure metals and explains the difference in strength? [Table_1]
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Zinc oxide reacts with carbon to produce zinc. Which equation represents this reaction?
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When a piece of aluminium foil is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, no effervescence is seen. Which statement explains why no effervescence is seen?
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Iron nails are stored in an airtight container. The nails begin to rust after a few days.
How can the rusting of the nails be prevented?
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Four substances present in the blast furnace during iron extraction are listed.\n1. calcium carbonate\n2. carbon dioxide\n3. carbon monoxide\n4. iron(III) oxide\n\nWhich substances are both a reactant and a product during the reactions occurring in the blast furnace?
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Aluminium is extracted from purified bauxite by electrolysis.
Which row shows the ionic half-equations for the reaction at each electrode?
[Table_1]
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Which test is used to show that a sample of water is pure?
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Catalytic converters in car exhausts change polluting gases into non-polluting gases. Which statements about oxides of nitrogen and car engines are correct? 1. The nitrogen in oxides of nitrogen comes from compounds in gasoline. 2. The oxygen in oxides of nitrogen comes from the air in the car engine. 3. Catalytic converters convert oxides of nitrogen into nitrogen.
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The structures of two molecules, X and Y, are shown. Which row describes X and Y?
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What is the structure of butanoic acid?
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When a mixture of methane and chlorine is exposed to ultraviolet light, a reaction takes place.
Which statements about this reaction are correct?
1. It is an addition reaction.
2. The ultraviolet light provides the activation energy.
3. An equation for the reaction is $CH_4 + Cl_2 \rightarrow CH_2Cl_2 + H_2$.
4. $CH_3Cl$ is made in the reaction.
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Esters are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. What is the catalyst for this reaction?
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The diagram shows part of a polymer. Which diagram shows the monomer from which this polymer is made?
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Nylon and PET are polymers. Which statements about these polymers are correct?
1. They are both condensation polymers.
2. HOCH$_2$CH$_2$OH could be a monomer for both polymers.
3. The complete combustion of both polymers gives two products only.
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Ethane is used as a fuel. Which equation shows the complete combustion of ethane?
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The painkiller paracetamol is synthesised from 4-aminophenol. Chromatography is done on an impure sample of paracetamol. The results are shown. The diagram is not drawn to scale. The sample of paracetamol is contaminated with 4-aminophenol only. What is the $R_f$ value of 4-aminophenol?
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The equation for the reaction of aqueous calcium nitrate and aqueous sodium hydroxide is shown. $$\text{Ca(NO}_3)_2(\text{aq}) + 2\text{NaOH(}\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{Ca(OH)}_2(\text{s}) + 2\text{NaNO}_3(\text{aq})$$ Which process is used to remove calcium hydroxide from the mixture?
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The results of two tests on aqueous compound X are given. [Table_1]
What is X?
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