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What are two characteristics of all living organisms?
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The photograph shows an organism.
Which visible feature can be used to classify this organism as a bird?
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Which statement about cell structure is correct?
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The diameter of an egg cell from a frog is 2.5 mm. The diameter of an egg cell from a human is 120 \mu m. Which value shows approximately how many times larger an egg cell from a frog is than an egg cell from a human?
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When a plant cell is put into pure water it ......1...... water by osmosis and becomes ......2...... .
Which words should be used to fill gaps 1 and 2 to complete the sentence?
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The graph shows the results of an investigation into the effect of oxygen on the uptake of glucose by cells. Which conclusion can be made about these data?
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The table shows the results of food tests carried out on a fruit. [Table_1]
What did the fruit contain?
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What describes the structure of DNA?
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The statements are about enzymes.
1. Enzymes are catalysts.
2. Enzymes are proteins.
3. Enzymes are used up during chemical reactions.
Which statements are correct?
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When the temperature increases, the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction increases until the optimum temperature is reached. Which statement explains why the rate increases?
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A plant with variegated leaves was placed in a dark cupboard for 48 hours so that all the starch was removed from the leaves. The variegated leaves have green parts and white parts. Black paper was then fixed on one leaf and the plant was exposed to the light. After 24 hours, which region of the leaf contained starch?
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The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis with increasing light intensity.
Where is light intensity a limiting factor for photosynthesis?
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In humans, which two components of the diet can be broken down to release energy?
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Which is a part of the small intestine?
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Which combination of environmental factors will cause the largest increase in the transpiration rate in a plant? [Table_1]
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The diagrams represent the movement of substances between plant cells. The arrows indicate the direction the substance is moving in.
Which diagram of translocation is correctly labelled?
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The diagram shows a section of the human heart. Which label identifies the right ventricle?
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The diagrams show sections through three types of blood vessel. They are not drawn to the same scale. In which order will red blood cells flow through these vessels in the human body when travelling from the aorta to the right atrium of the heart?
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When a person is given a vaccine, a harmless pathogen is injected. The pathogen has ......1...... which cause lymphocytes to produce ......2...... . This is an example of ......3...... immunity. Which words should be used to fill gaps 1, 2 and 3 to complete the sentences? [Table_1]
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What happens when a person breathes in?
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Which graph shows the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
512
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After running a fast race, some students have pains in their leg muscles due to a build-up of lactic acid. A student wrote this explanation.
1. During the race, the cells did \textit{not} have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration.
2. Anaerobic respiration occurs so some energy is released from glucose.
3. The lactic acid is produced by aerobic respiration.
Which statements explain why the lactic acid built up in the muscles?
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What is the name of the process that produces urea and the organ where urea is formed? [Table_1]
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The diagram shows the gap between two neurones. What is the name of X?
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Which statements are correct for cone cells in the eye? 1. Cone cells are located in the fovea of the retina. 2. Cone cells detect colour. 3. Cone cells are more sensitive to light than rod cells.
518
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The diagram shows the structure of the human skin.
Which structure constricts to reduce heat loss?
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531
Where are the hormones oestrogen and progesterone produced during pregnancy?
531
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The umbilical artery takes blood from the fetus to the placenta. The umbilical vein carries blood from the placenta to the fetus. How do the contents of the umbilical artery differ from those of the umbilical vein? [Table_1]
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Which row shows some of the features involved in natural selection? [Table_1]
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Which substance is coded for by a length of DNA?
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The diagram shows the sex chromosomes of a woman and of a man. Their genotypes for a recessive sex-linked condition are also shown. What are the chances that their daughter will show the sex-linked condition?
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Which Punnett square shows a test cross that identifies a heterozygous parent?
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What is a definition of variation?
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What is a feature of some xerophytes?
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Where does the energy being transferred along a food chain originally come from?
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Which diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for a forest?
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Which substance is an enzyme used in fruit juice production?
534
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The diagram shows some of the effects of human activity on a river. What could have caused these effects?
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Genetic modification has been used to produce human insulin in bacterial cells. What is inserted into the bacterial cells to produce human insulin?
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Penicillin is made in a fermenter by growing organisms. Which type of organism is used in the production of penicillin?
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