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Some processes carried out by living organisms are listed. 1. egestion 2. excretion 3. reproduction 4. respiration Which processes are carried out by all living organisms?
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The scientific name for humans is \textit{Homo sapiens}. What does \textit{Homo} refer to?
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Some structures found in cells are listed.
1. cell membrane
2. cell wall
3. mitochondria
4. nucleus
Which structures are found in prokaryotic cells?
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In a mesophyll cell, where are chloroplasts found?
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The diagram shows a flatworm. The flatworm has been magnified by \( \times 100 \). What is the actual size of the flatworm?
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The diagrams show how a cell appears under the microscope at the start of an experiment and after it has been placed in a dilute solution of salts for 5 minutes. Which statement explains what happens?
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The concentration of nitrate ions is higher inside a root hair cell than in the soil. What would be required for the absorption of nitrate ions into the root hair cell? 1. mitochondria 2. oxygen 3. membrane proteins 4. cell wall
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What is the colour change shown by Benedict's solution when heated with a reducing sugar?
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The diagram shows the digestive system. Which part absorbs the most water?
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Which statement is correct?
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The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15°C. What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?
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The diagram shows a test-tube at the start and at the end of an enzyme experiment.
At the end of the experiment, the mixture in the test-tube contains glycerol.
Which row correctly identifies the enzyme and the substrate it acts on? [Table_1]
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The diagram shows the teeth in the lower jaw of a human. Which tooth is a molar?
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What is meant by chemical digestion?
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The diagram shows a villus in the small intestine. What is absorbed at X?
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What is a description of transpiration?
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Parts of a plant are listed.
1. mesophyll cells
2. root cortex cells
3. root hair cells
4. xylem vessels
What is the pathway taken by water in the plant?
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The diagrams show the single circulation of a fish and the double circulation of a mammal. Which letters represent areas with the most oxygenated blood?
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What is the role of lymphocytes in the blood?
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A patient was injected with antibodies after being bitten by a poisonous snake. The patient recovered and survived. What describes the effect of the injection in the patient's body? [Table_1]
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Which table correctly shows the difference in composition of inspired air compared with expired air?
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Which row shows the correct combination of muscle contractions and the pressure in the thorax when breathing out?
[Table_1]
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Three statements about anaerobic respiration are listed.
1. In humans, the product is lactic acid.
2. In yeast, the product is lactic acid.
3. It releases more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration.
Which statements are correct?
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What is the balanced chemical equation for a type of respiration that occurs in yeast?
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The diagram shows the human excretory system. Which labelled structure is the urethra?
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The diagrams show three types of neurones. Which sequence shows the direction that impulses will travel during a reflex action?
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Which statement about rods and cones in the eye is correct?
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Which diseases can be successfully treated with antibiotics? [Table_1]
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Which statement about human sexual reproduction is correct?
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Where is oestrogen produced?
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Which row shows correct information about mitosis? [Table_1]
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Polydactyly is a condition that can occur in cats and results in affected individuals having extra toes. The diagram shows the inheritance of the condition in a family of cats. What does the family tree show about the allele for polydactyly?
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The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a marram grass leaf.
Which feature is an adaptation of a xerophyte?
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Some statements about mutations are given.
1. A random change in the amino acid sequence in DNA causes gene mutation.
2. A mutation is a genetic change.
3. Ionising radiation decreases the rate of mutation.
4. New alleles are formed by mutations.
Which statements are correct?
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The graph shows the growth of a population of rabbits in one area.
Which statements are correct?
1. At X, the birth rate is higher than the death rate.
2. At X, there are no deaths and the population is limited by a lack of food.
3. At Y, the birth rate and death rate are equal.
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In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur is dominant and the allele for white fur is recessive. A test cross can be used to determine the genotype of a guinea pig with black fur. What would be the expected result of the test cross if the guinea pig with black fur was homozygous?
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The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle. Which row shows the correct processes for R, S, and T?
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During eutrophication, what causes the death of fish?
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Which product is made using an enzyme rather than bacteria or fungi?
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Some ways in which humans make use of organisms are listed.
1. using yeast to produce ethanol
2. artificial selection of sheep with thick wool
3. using bacteria to produce human substances
What are examples of genetic modification?
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