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Which statement about solids, liquids or gases is correct?
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585
Which substance is a mixture?
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500
The structure of an atom of element X is shown. What is element X?
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Sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride. Which statements describe what happens to the sodium atoms in this reaction?
1. Sodium atoms form positive ions.
2. Sodium atoms form negative ions.
3. Sodium atoms gain electrons.
4. Sodium atoms lose electrons.
514
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587
Which statement about ammonia is correct?
502
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566
Which row describes the structure and a use of graphite? [Table_1]
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The equation represents the reaction between solid magnesium oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride and water. $$ ext{MgO} + 2 ext{HCl} \rightarrow ext{MgCl}_2 + ext{H}_2 ext{O}$$ Which row shows the state symbols for hydrochloric acid, magnesium chloride and water? [Table_1]
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What is the equation for the reaction between calcium and chlorine?
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Calcium nitrate has the formula $\text{Ca(NO}_3)_2$. What is the relative formula mass, $M_r$, of calcium nitrate?
559
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Dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed using platinum electrodes. The gases produced at each electrode are collected. The gases are mixed together and ignited with a lighted splint. What is formed during this reaction?
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Electricity is passed through molten sodium chloride using inert electrodes. What is observed at the electrodes?
538
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Fuel cells are used as energy sources in cars.
Which row gives a fuel used in a fuel cell and the products formed?
[Table_1]
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When water is added to anhydrous iron(III) chloride, FeCl_3, hydrated iron(III) chloride, FeCl_3 \cdot 6H_2O, is formed and energy is given out. \[ \text{FeCl}_3 + 6H_2O \rightleftharpoons \text{FeCl}_3\cdot6H_2O \] Which reaction pathway diagram represents the formation of anhydrous iron(III) chloride in the reverse reaction?
567
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Which process is a chemical change?
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542
Anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride is blue and turns pink when water is added. How is this reaction reversed?
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Ethanol can be turned into ethanoic acid by passing it over hot copper(II) oxide.
$$ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + 2\text{CuO} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{H}_2\text{O} + 2\text{Cu} $$
What is this type of reaction?
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When heated strongly, silicon(IV) oxide reacts with carbon.
$$ \text{SiO}_2 + 2\text{C} \rightarrow \text{Si} + 2\text{CO} $$
Which term describes what happens to silicon(IV) oxide?
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Information about four solutions, P, Q, R and S, is listed.
Solution P reacts with ammonium chloride to form ammonia.
Solution Q reacts with sodium carbonate to form carbon dioxide.
Solution R contains a high concentration of \( \text{OH}^- \) ions.
Solution S turns litmus red.
Which solutions are alkaline?
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Which oxides are basic? 1. calcium oxide 2. sodium oxide 3. iron(II) oxide
513
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Which row describes the changes across a period of the Periodic Table, from left to right? [Table_1]
566
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Which row shows properties of an element that is in the same group of the Periodic Table as lithium? [Table_1]
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Which row describes how the properties of Group I elements change as the group is descended? [Table_1]
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The elements in Group VII include chlorine, bromine and iodine.
Which statements are correct?
1. Iodine is more dense than chlorine.
2. Iodine displaces chlorine from a solution containing chloride ions.
3. Bromine is a diatomic non-metal.
4. Chlorine gas is darker in colour than bromine vapour.
584
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Cobalt is a transition element. What is a property of cobalt?
596
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Which statements about brass are correct?
1. It is an alloy of zinc and copper.
2. It is a compound of zinc and copper.
3. It is a mixture of zinc and copper.
503
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Aluminium is used to make containers for storing food. Which property makes it suitable for this use?
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Which pair of diagrams represents both a pure metal and an alloy?
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A metal \( M \) is between sodium and magnesium in the reactivity series. Which reactions occur with \( M \) and its oxide? [Table_1]
570
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The diagrams show experiments to investigate rusting of iron nails. In which test-tubes do the nails rust?
584
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532
Some uses of water are listed.
1. for drinking
2. in chemical reactions
3. in swimming pools
4. in washing
For which uses is it necessary to chlorinate the water?
511
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563
Two tests are done on an NPK fertiliser.
test 1: flame test
test 2: heat with aqueous sodium hydroxide and aluminium foil
Which observations are made?
[Table_1]
540
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536
The gases from the engine of a car contain oxides of nitrogen. How are these oxides formed?
585
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579
Which statements explain why plastics should be recycled?
1. They do not decompose when added to landfill.
2. They pollute rivers and oceans, harming wildlife.
3. They can produce toxic gases when burned.
541
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505
Unwanted vegetation is sometimes placed in a bin where it decomposes. The compost formed is used to fertilise soils. Which gas is likely to be present in a higher percentage inside the bin than in the air outside the bin?
511
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504
Ethene reacts with steam and with bromine in two separate reactions. What are the products of these two reactions?
553
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508
Four types of reactions are listed.
1. substitution
2. combustion
3. polymerisation
4. addition
Which reactions will ethane undergo?
505
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550
The flow diagram shows how poly(ethene) may be made from petroleum. What are stages 1, 2 and 3?
504
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531
Magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. Which pieces of apparatus are needed to determine the rate of this reaction?
552
532
515
The chromatograms of four different dyes are shown. How many different colours are present in the four dyes?
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The results of some tests on an aqueous solution of substance X are listed.
1. A cream precipitate is produced when adding aqueous silver nitrate.
2. Adding aqueous sodium hydroxide produces a green precipitate which dissolves in excess alkali.
3. Adding aqueous ammonia produces a green precipitate which is insoluble in excess ammonia.
What is substance X?
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