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Nitrogen is heated in a balloon, which expands slightly. Which statements about the molecules of nitrogen are correct?
1. They move further apart.
2. They move more quickly.
3. They remain the same distance apart.
4. Their speed remains unchanged.
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The diagrams represent some elements, compounds and mixtures.
Which row describes the numbered substances?
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561
Two atoms, X and Y, have the same mass number but different atomic numbers. Which statement about X and Y is correct?
558
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540
A sample of pure iron contains three isotopes only.
[Table_1]
The iron in the sample has a relative atomic mass of 55.9.
What is the value of $n$?
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Magnesium oxide is a white solid at room temperature and pressure. Part of the structure of solid magnesium oxide is shown. Three statements are listed. 1 Magnesium ions are smaller than oxide ions because they contain fewer electrons. 2 Magnesium oxide has good electrical conductivity when molten because the ions are mobile. 3 Magnesium oxide has a high melting point because of the strong electrostatic attraction between the ions and delocalised electrons in the giant lattice. Which statements are correct?
511
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In which molecule are all the outer-shell electrons involved in covalent bonding?
543
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Which row describes the properties of silicon(IV) oxide? [Table_1]
536
512
561
Which row describes the structure of a solid metal and explains the property? [Table_1]
565
546
566
What is the formula of potassium oxide?
536
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A dilute aqueous solution of sodium bromide is electrolysed using inert electrodes. Which row identifies the product at the cathode and at the anode? [Table_1]
569
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Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis, as shown.
Which row shows the ionic half-equations at the cathode and the anode?
[Table_1]
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The reaction pathway diagram for an exothermic reaction is shown. Which row identifies labels 1, 2, 3 and 4?
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The equation for the complete combustion of ethene is shown. $$ \text{C}_2\text{H}_4(\text{g}) + 3\text{O}_2(\text{g}) \to 2\text{CO}_2(\text{g}) + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{g}) $$ Some bond energies are listed. [Table_1] What is the overall energy change when one mole of ethene is completely burned?
567
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512
Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride and hydrogen. Why does magnesium powder react faster than magnesium ribbon?
509
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596
Which row shows the conditions used in the Contact process? [Table_1]
528
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534
A student heats hydrated copper(II) sulfate. The blue crystals change to a white powder. How can the student reverse this reaction?
578
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542
Which reaction of hydrochloric acid is a redox reaction?
513
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585
Which oxide is amphoteric?
504
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Four statements about strong acids are listed.
1. They react with carbonates to form carbon dioxide.
2. They completely dissociate in aqueous solution.
3. They react with ammonium salts to form ammonia.
4. They are proton acceptors.
Which statements are correct?
540
501
524
Which reaction mixture will produce a precipitate?
548
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532
Which set of elements shows the change from metallic to non-metallic character across a period of the Periodic Table?
502
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588
A sample of ethanoic acid and a sample of hydrochloric acid have the same concentration.
How do the hydrogen ion concentration and pH of ethanoic acid compare to those of hydrochloric acid?
[Table_1]
565
533
537
What is a typical property of transition elements?
555
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576
Which statement about copper or aluminium is correct?
516
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564
Water from a reservoir flows to the water works where purification process 1 takes place followed by process 2. What are processes 1 and 2? [Table_1]
549
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510
Calcium reacts with cold water to produce hydrogen.
Lead reacts slowly when heated in air to form an oxide but has almost no reaction with steam.
Silver does not react with either air or water.
Zinc reacts when heated with steam to produce hydrogen.
What is the order of reactivity starting with the least reactive?
[Table_1]
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581
Blocks of magnesium are attached to the bottom of a steel boat to prevent rusting.
Which equation describes a change that prevents the steel from rusting?
588
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Which statements about the extraction of iron in a blast furnace are correct?
1. The temperature inside the blast furnace is increased by burning carbon.
2. Iron(III) oxide is reduced to iron by carbon monoxide.
3. The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate forms slag.
4. Slag reacts with acidic impurities.
535
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Which statements about water are correct?
1. Tap water has fewer impurities than distilled water.
2. Tap water will turn anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride pink.
3. The domestic water supply is treated with carbon to kill microbes.
4. Phosphates from fertilisers can cause deoxygenation of water.
598
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500
Oxides of nitrogen form in car engines and are removed by catalytic converters. Which equation represents a reaction that occurs in a catalytic converter?
544
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An alkene is represented by the formula CH$_3$CH=CH$_2$. Which name is given to this type of formula?
548
502
559
What is the structure of propanoic acid?
503
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Butane reacts with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation. What is the equation for this reaction?
564
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A hydrocarbon P is cracked to make compound Q and hydrogen. Compound R is formed by the addition polymerisation of compound Q. To which homologous series do P, Q and R belong? [Table_1: Below is the table of options with homologous series]
549
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526
Which substances are structural isomers?
538
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522
Ethanol is produced by:
1. the catalytic addition of steam to ethene
2. fermentation.
Which statement is correct?
504
589
526
The two monomers shown can be used to form a condensation polymer. Which small molecule is released during this reaction?
599
522
540
Dilute hydrochloric acid is titrated into a conical flask containing sodium hydroxide solution and a few drops of methyl orange indicator. Which piece of apparatus is used to add the hydrochloric acid?
571
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503
The chromatogram obtained from a chromatography experiment on substance S is shown. What is the $R_f$ value of S?
550
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510
Element X burns in air to form an acidic gas that decolourises potassium manganate(VII). What is X?
505
599
504
