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1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a photograph of an insect. Insects are arthropods.
(i) Arthropods belong to the animal kingdom. State the name of one other kingdom. [1]
(ii) State one feature visible in Fig. 1.1 that is present in insects but not in the other groups of arthropods. [1]
(iii) Complete Table 1.1 by writing:
• the names of two groups of arthropods other than insects
• one identifying feature for each named group.
[Table_1] [4]
(b) (i) Complete the description of an adaptive feature.
An adaptive feature is an ... feature that helps an organism to survive and ... in its environment. [2]
(b) (ii) Fig. 1.2 is a photograph of a leaf insect.
State one adaptive feature visible in Fig. 1.2 and suggest how the adaptive feature helps the animal to survive. [2]
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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 is a labelled diagram of an animal cell.
(i) The boxes on the left show the functions of some of the structures shown in Fig. 2.1. The boxes on the right show the letters of the structures labelled in Fig. 2.1. Draw lines to link each function to the correct letter. [4]
(ii) State two letters shown in Fig. 2.1 that identify structures which are also found in bacterial cells. [2]
(b) Respiration is a characteristic of living organisms. State three other characteristics of all living organisms. [3]
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3 (a) State the meaning of the term chemical digestion. [2]
(b) Enzymes are involved in chemical digestion. Table 3.1 shows some information about enzymes used for chemical digestion.
(i) Complete Table 3.1. [4]
(ii) State where amylase, lipase and protease are made in the human body. [3]
(c) (i) State the name of the acid found in gastric juice. [1]
(ii) State two functions of the acid found in gastric juice. [2]
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4 (a) Complete the sentences about the circulatory system.
The heart ... blood around the body.
Blood is carried away from the heart in blood vessels called ... .
Blood is carried to the heart in blood vessels called ... .
Nutrients are delivered to cells by blood vessels called ... .
One-way flow of blood is ensured by the presence of ... . [5]
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows ECG traces of the activity of a student’s heart.
(i) State the number of heart beats in 2.8 seconds during exercise. [1]
(ii) Calculate the percentage increase in heart beats between at rest and during exercise. [1]
(c) Regular exercise reduces the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Describe other ways of reducing a person’s risk of developing coronary heart disease. [3]
(d) Fig. 4.2 shows a stethoscope which is used to listen to the heart. State the cause of the heart sounds detected by the stethoscope. [1]
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5 (a) Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of a cell carrying out one type of respiration.
(i) State the type of respiration shown by Fig. 5.1. [1]
(ii) Identify the substances involved in respiration that are represented by the letters A and B in Fig. 5.1. [2]
(iii) State the process by which oxygen moves into the cell. [1]
(b) State three processes that require energy from respiration. [3]
(c) Some students investigated the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast. Table 5.1 shows the results. [Table_2]
Using the data in Table 5.1, describe the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration in yeast. [3]
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6 (a) State the environmental conditions that a seed requires to grow into a seedling. [3]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a drawing of a seedling at the start of an investigation into plant growth responses.
(i) On Fig. 6.2 draw the expected appearance of the root and shoot after three days in the box. [2]
(ii) State the name of the response shown by the root and the shoot in this investigation. [1]
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7 (a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of part of the male reproductive system.
Complete Table 7.1 by writing in the letter of the structure identified in Fig. 7.1 that carries out each function. Each letter can be used once, more than once or not at all. [5]
(b) State the name of the hormone that controls development of secondary sexual characteristics in females. [1]
(c) Fig. 7.2 shows drawings of stages in human sexual reproduction.
Identify the cells and the process labelled in Fig. 7.2. [4]
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8 (a) State one source of methane gas. [1]
(b) Fig. 8.1 is a graph showing the estimated change in methane concentration in the atmosphere over a thousand-year period.
Complete the sentences to describe the changes in methane concentration shown in Fig. 8.1. [3]
(c) (i) State one process, other than respiration, that releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. [1]
(ii) State two effects on the environment of increasing carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in the atmosphere. [2]
(iii) State one natural process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. [1]
(d) Yeast can be used to produce ethanol for use as a biofuel.
(i) State the name of the process used by yeast to produce ethanol. [1]
(ii) Large amounts of ethanol are required as a biofuel. Maize is a food plant that is also used to produce ethanol as a biofuel. Maize grown for ethanol production is grown in large-scale monocultures. Describe the disadvantages of growing crop plants such as maize in a large-scale monoculture. [3]
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