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Hedgehogs are mammals. Touching a hedgehog causes it to roll into a ball to protect itself. Which characteristics is it displaying?
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What are features of the leaves of a plant that is a dicotyledon? [Table_1]
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The photomicrograph shows a cell from a type of aquatic plant.
Which parts labelled on the photomicrograph indicate that this is a plant cell?
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584
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The diagram shows an image of a chloroplast. The image is 5 cm long.
The actual length of the chloroplast is 5 \mu m.
What is the magnification of the image?
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What are features of osmosis?
[Table_1]
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The diagram shows apparatus which can be used to demonstrate osmosis.
After one hour, what would happen to the liquid levels in the glass tubes?
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Which substances are made by linking together glucose molecules only?
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When bases pair up in the formation of DNA, what is one of the pairings?
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The graph shows the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of an enzyme.
What does the graph show?
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The graph shows how enzyme activity is affected by temperature.
How can the change in activity between 40°C and 55°C be explained?
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The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15°C.
What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?
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The diagram shows a section through a leaf.
Which row correctly identifies tissues X and Y?
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Which stage of nutrition takes place when food molecules become part of a body cell?
553
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What is the definition of chemical digestion?
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In which order does water pass through these structures in a plant?
565
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The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a plant stem.
What is the name and function of the tissue labelled X?
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525
572
The table shows some features of blood vessels.
Which row shows the features of a vein?
[Table_1]
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Where are valves found that prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction?
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The sequence of amino acids in antibodies enables them to complete which function?
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The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.
Where is the carbon dioxide concentration highest?
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The list shows some processes that happen in the human body.
1. water enters cells by osmosis
2. muscles contract
3. impulses travel along neurones
4. oxygen diffuses into cells
Which of these require energy released by respiration?
548
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526
The table shows the composition of blood entering and leaving the liver and the kidneys. Which row is correct?
[Table_1]
551
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530
Which is the correct sequence of structures through which a nerve impulse passes in a reflex arc?
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The diagram shows an eye.
Which labelled part contains cells that are sensitive to light?
586
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539
When hormones are secreted, they affect different parts of the body.
The table shows some features that are affected by four different hormones.
Which hormone is adrenaline?
[Table_1]
547
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506
When the environment is hot, how do the arterioles in the skin and hair erector muscles react?
513
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The diagram shows one parent Hydra growing and releasing an offspring from the side of its body.
Which row is correct?
576
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Which row describes self-pollination?
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Which feature is only found in the male gamete?
531
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The graph shows how the mass of DNA changes during a mitotic cell division.
Where on the graph are two cells formed?
532
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Red-green colour blindness is a condition that occurs more frequently in men than in women. Which statement about this condition is correct?
513
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577
Which statement explains why the allele for sickle-cell anaemia is commonly found in human populations in certain parts of the world?
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The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of which process?
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The diagram contains information about the number and mass of organisms in a food web.
What is the total biomass of all the primary consumers in this food web?
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The diagram shows some of the stages in the nitrogen cycle. Which arrow represents the process of nitrogen fixation?
516
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Which term is used to describe the phase of fastest growth in a population of bacteria?
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Which are reasons why bacteria are often useful in biotechnology?
1. lack of ethical concerns over their manipulation and growth
2. they have the same genetic code as all other organisms
3. their DNA is located in a nucleus that can easily be altered with enzymes
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Penicillin is produced in a fermenter by growing the fungus *Penicillium*. The graph shows how the mass of living *Penicillium* fungus and the concentration of penicillin changed over time.
When is the best time to collect the penicillin?
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The number of Atlantic bluefin tuna fish found in the Atlantic Ocean has significantly decreased in the last 50 years.
Which method would make the biggest improvement in the conservation of tuna fish stocks?
542
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