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The diagram shows some of the processes carried out by living organisms.
Which two characteristics of living organisms are represented by arrows X and Y?
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What are features of the leaves of a plant that is a dicotyledon? [Table_1]
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The photomicrograph shows a cell from a type of aquatic plant.
Which parts labelled on the photomicrograph indicate that this is a plant cell?
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The diagram shows an image of a chloroplast. The image is 5 cm long.
The actual length of the chloroplast is 5 \mu m.
What is the magnification of the image?
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What are features of osmosis? [Table_1]
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The diagram shows apparatus which can be used to demonstrate osmosis. After one hour, what would happen to the liquid levels in the glass tubes?
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Which substances are made by linking together glucose molecules only?
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When bases pair up in the formation of DNA, what is one of the pairings?
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The graph shows the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of an enzyme.
What does the graph show?
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The graph shows how enzyme activity is affected by temperature.
How can the change in activity between 40°C and 55°C be explained?
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The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15°C. What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?
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The diagram shows part of a leaf. What is layer X?
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Which stage of nutrition takes place when food molecules become part of a body cell?
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The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
Which labelled part stores bile?
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In which order does water pass through these structures in a plant?
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A decrease in which factor normally causes the transpiration rate to increase?
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In a mammal, what ensures the blood flows one-way round the circulatory system?
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Which row correctly identifies the blood vessels?
[Table_1]
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A baby acquires protection from pathogens from its mother’s breast milk.
What is this protection called?
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The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.
Where is the carbon dioxide concentration highest?
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What is produced by anaerobic respiration in yeast?
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What happens as a result of deamination?
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Sensory neurones conduct impulses from
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What is a function of the cornea?
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The diagram shows some blood vessels near the surface of the skin.
If vasodilation occurs at X, what happens to the blood flow at Y and Z?
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Which substances can be misused to improve athletic performance?
1. alcohol
2. anabolic steroids
3. testosterone
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Scientists investigated the amount of genetic variation found within different crop plants. They grew large numbers of each crop and measured the genetic variation within the species of crop. The results are shown in the table.
Which crop or crops have been produced by sexual reproduction?
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Which organ secretes progesterone?
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Which statement explains why the hormone FSH is used in fertility treatment?
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Which substance is coded for by a length of DNA?
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Some features of cell division are listed.
1. chromosome number is maintained
2. haploid cells are produced
3. new cells are genetically different
4. results in variation
Which features are involved in meiosis?
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Which statement about the inheritance of red-green colour blindness is correct?
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A couple are both heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele.
What is the probability that their first child will have sickle-cell anaemia?
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How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
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The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle. Which letter represents denitrification?
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A few yeast cells were placed in a container of nutrient solution.
The graph shows how their population size changed over time.
[Image_1: Graph showing population size over time with phases marked 1, 2, 3, and 4]
Which row shows when the reproduction rate was greater than the death rate for the numbered phases on the graph?
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The diagram shows a fermenter used to produce penicillin.
What is the function of part X?
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Bacteria are used to make insulin.
This happens in several stages.
1. bacteria synthesise insulin in fermenters
2. the insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid
3. removal of the insulin gene from a human chromosome
4. a section of a plasmid is removed
In which order do these stages occur?
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The table shows some of the processes that occur during eutrophication.
Which row shows the correct increase or decrease of each process?
[Table]
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The graph shows the effect of fishing on fish stocks over 20 years. In year 11, a fishing quota was introduced followed by a total ban on fishing in year 16.
What effects did these conservation measures have on the fish population?
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