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Descriptions of the three states of matter are shown.
[Table_1]
Which row is correct?
504
600
595
Which piece of apparatus is used to measure 13.7 cm$^3$ of dilute hydrochloric acid?
545
531
574
Ethanol can be made by fermentation of sugar, using yeast.
This produces a mixture of ethanol and water.
How is ethanol separated from this mixture?
518
520
580
The structure of an atom of element X is shown.
What is element X?
544
566
564
Which statement about the bonding in sodium chloride is correct?
596
594
577
The electronic structures of two atoms, P and Q, are shown.
P and Q combine together to form a compound. What is the type of bonding in the compound and what is the formula of the compound?
[Table_1]
551
569
518
Diamond and graphite are macromolecules. Which statement is correct for both diamond and graphite?
519
562
593
Aluminium oxide has the formula $Al_2O_3$.
Which statement about aluminium oxide is correct?
592
571
553
Which statement about electrolysis is not correct?
591
592
588
Which statements about $^{235}U$ are correct?
1. It is a radioactive isotope.
2. It burns in air to produce greenhouse gases.
3. It is used as an energy source.
545
547
598
The energy level diagram shows the energy of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
Which row correctly describes the energy change and the type of reaction shown?
595
552
562
In which tube is a physical change taking place?
561
546
569
Magnesium is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid of the same concentration in four experiments using different conditions.
Which reaction finished in the shortest time?
566
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560
Blue copper(II) sulfate crystals are heated in air until they turn into a white powder. The powder is allowed to cool and after a few days it starts to turn blue. Why does the white powder start to turn blue?
508
529
551
Steam reacts with carbon to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
$\text{C(s)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(g)} \rightarrow \text{CO(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)}$
Which substance is reduced in the reaction?
558
595
538
The graph shows how the pH of a solution changes as an acid is added to an alkali.
$$\text{acid} + \text{alkali} \rightarrow \text{salt} + \text{water}$$
Which letter represents the area of the graph where both acid and salt are present?
538
552
509
Element E is in Group II of the Periodic Table.
Which row describes element E and its oxide?
[Table_1]
505
523
581
The apparatus shown is used to prepare aqueous copper(II) sulfate.
What are X and Y?
574
504
511
Four different colourless solutions are each tested separately with aqueous sodium hydroxide and with acidified silver nitrate.
Which solution is sodium chloride?
[Table_1]
519
541
534
Which statement about elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table is correct?
581
547
574
The elements in Group I include lithium, sodium and potassium.
Which statements about these elements are correct?
1. Sodium is denser than lithium.
2. Lithium has a lower melting point than potassium.
3. Potassium is a relatively soft metal.
4. Sodium is less reactive than lithium but more reactive than potassium.
531
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The properties of the element titanium, Ti, can be predicted from its position in the Periodic Table.
Which row identifies the properties of titanium?
[Table_1]
593
514
550
Which statement about the noble gases is correct?
556
522
571
Which property is shown by all metals?
517
552
500
P, Q, R and S are metals.
P reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid forming hydrogen.
Q reacts violently with water.
R reacts with water to give hydrogen.
S is formed by heating its oxide with carbon.
Which row identifies the metals?
[Table_1]
596
555
585
Molten iron from the blast furnace contains impurities.
The process of turning the impure iron into steel involves blowing oxygen into the molten iron and adding calcium oxide.
What are the reasons for blowing in oxygen and adding calcium oxide? [Table_1]
587
533
504
Why is stainless steel used to make cutlery?
560
573
510
Which substances can be used to detect the presence of water?
1. cobalt(II) chloride
2. copper(II) sulfate
3. litmus
4. methyl orange
529
597
507
Which two compounds are formed by the burning of fossil fuels and are atmospheric pollutants?
516
532
553
The diagrams show experiments to investigate rusting of iron nails.
In which test-tubes do the nails rust?
562
595
501
A farmer knows his soil needs phosphorus and potassium.
He has a choice of four fertilisers.
1. NH$_4$NO$_3$
2. (NH$_4$)$_3$PO$_4$
3. KNO$_3$
4. (NH$_2$)$_2$CO
Which fertilisers should he use?
554
584
517
Which process is a source of methane?
579
553
557
The list shows four methods that were suggested for the formation of carbon dioxide.
1. cracking methane using steam
2. action of heat on a carbonate
3. complete combustion of methane
4. reaction of a carbonate with oxygen
Which methods would result in the production of carbon dioxide?
563
515
517
A student suggests three uses of calcium carbonate (limestone).
1. manufacture of cement
2. manufacture of iron
3. treating alkaline soils
Which suggestions are correct?
505
516
525
Which list shows the fractions obtained from distilling petroleum, in order of increasing boiling point?
528
568
504
Which structure represents a compound in the alcohol homologous series?
562
566
503
Increasing the number of atoms in one molecule of a hydrocarbon increases the amount of energy released when it burns. What is the correct order? [Table_1]
576
529
558
Compound X has the molecular formula $\text{C}_2\text{H}_6\text{O}$.
Which statement about compound X is correct?
598
556
533
A small quantity of a solid chemical is added to a large excess of aqueous ethanoic acid. No bubbles of gas are seen and the solid dissolves to give a colourless solution. What was the solid chemical?
581
558
505
Which statement about carbohydrates and proteins is correct?
558
577
576
