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Carbon dioxide diffuses into a leaf.
Which characteristic of living things requires this?
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The diagram shows how Homo sapiens (modern people) could have evolved from earlier ancestors.
Which statement about modern people and their ancestors is correct?
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Heart muscle cells have a high rate of metabolism. Which structure do they require to be present in high numbers?
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Which features are possessed by all plant cells?
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The diagram shows a xylem vessel in a plant stem. The magnification is \( \times 400 \).
What is the actual width of the xylem vessel along the line XY?
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The diagram shows a test-tube containing clear jelly. A drop of blue ink is injected into the middle of the jelly.
The blue colour of the ink spreads throughout the jelly.
By which process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?
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Which process describes osmosis?
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Which row shows the chemical elements contained in fats?
[Table_1]
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Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules.
Which statement is correct?
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The diagrams show a protease enzyme catalysing the breaking of part of a protein molecule into smaller pieces. Which diagram has three correct labels?
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The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the balance between respiration and photosynthesis.
In which tube are photosynthesis and respiration taking place at the same time?
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Some gardeners use Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) as a fertiliser for their plants. Epsom salts release magnesium ions into the soil.
How would this benefit the plants?
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The food label is from a packet of cereal. The label can help someone who is concerned about their diet.
[Table_1: Nutrition <100 g contains>
A person eats 45 g of cereal.
One of the food types listed in the label can help prevent constipation.
How many grams of this food type does the person eat?
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The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small intestine.
How does this affect the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries and the intestinal contents?
[Table_1]
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A person eats some cheese which contains a lot of fats and protein. Which row shows the combination of substances that will digest the cheese most effectively?
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A celery stalk was placed into a beaker of blue dye. When the dye reached the leaves, the stalk was taken out and a section was cut, as shown in the diagram.
Which diagram shows the appearance of the cut end of the stalk?
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The table shows the rate of water flow through a tree over a 12 hour period.
[Table_1]
What conclusion can be drawn from the table?
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The diagram shows some potato tubers. New shoots are beginning to grow.
Sucrose is being translocated from source to sink.
Which statement is correct?
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The diagram shows cross-sections through three types of blood vessel, not drawn to the same scale.
Which section is from a vein and which is from a capillary?
506
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The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa.
At which point on the diagram are the ribs beginning to be lowered?
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Which pathway is followed by air passing into the body?
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Oxygen is required for aerobic respiration.
How many molecules of oxygen are required for the aerobic respiration of three molecules of glucose?
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Which statement about involuntary responses is correct?
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The diagram shows the first part of a kidney tubule and its blood supply.
During filtration, protein molecules do not pass through the wall of the glomerulus.
Which part contains the highest concentration of protein?
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The diagram shows a cross-section of the human eye. Which label points to the spot in the eye where vision is the sharpest?
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Three plant shoots have their tips removed. Two of the shoots have a piece of agar gel placed on them, as shown in the diagram. The agar gel contains auxin. The shoots are exposed to light coming from one direction.
[Image_1: Diagram of plant shoots with agar gel]
What is the appearance of the shoots after two days?
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The diagram shows a synapse.
Heroin affects the neurone.
Which labelled part does the heroin directly affect?
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What is an advantage of self-pollination?
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Which feature allows the sperm to dissolve the jelly coating of the egg cell?
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The graph shows the relative concentration of hormones in the blood during days 14–28 of the menstrual cycle.
Which letter represents the hormone progesterone in a woman who is not pregnant?
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The diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that divides by mitosis.
Which diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of one of the daughter cells produced?
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The diploid number for mice is 40 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes will be in a mouse cell formed by meiosis?
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When antibiotics are overused they become less effective.
Which statement is correct?
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The diagram shows how sewage is treated.
Why is air bubbled through the aeration tank?
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Which trophic level has the greatest amount of energy?
A 1 mahogany tree with several thousand leaves → B 1500 aphids → C 10 small birds → D 2 eagles
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All organisms share the same genetic code. This means that bacteria can be used to
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Evidence shows that some aquatic organisms have been feminised.
What is the most likely cause of this?
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What is not a reason for using chemical fertilisers in food production?
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