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The diagram shows a cup of hot tea.
Which row describes the water particles in the air above the cup compared with the water particles in the cup? [Table_1]
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539
A student is asked to measure the time taken for 0.4 g of magnesium carbonate to react completely with 25.0 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Which pieces of apparatus does the student need?
523
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513
Which method is used to separate a mixture of the following liquids?
[Table_1]
544
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575
A sample of wax is heated. It begins to melt at 45°C and finishes melting at 49°C.
A sample of liquid is heated. It begins to boil at 141°C and remains at 141°C while it boils.
Which conclusion can be made from these results?
535
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529
In which molecule are all the outer shell electrons involved in covalent bonding?
574
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553
The numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in the atoms P, Q, R and S are shown.
[Table_1]
Which atoms are isotopes of the same element?
580
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581
Graphite is a form of carbon. Why can graphite be used as a lubricant?
544
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584
The thermal decomposition of 12.5g of limestone (impure calcium carbonate) produces 5g of calcium oxide.
Which mass of calcium oxide is produced by the thermal decomposition of 30g of limestone?
522
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554
Dilute sulfuric acid and lead(II) bromide are separately electrolysed.
Which statements are correct?
1 Colourless gases are evolved when dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed.
2 Lead(II) bromide can be electrolysed when molten.
3 Lead is formed at the positive electrode when lead(II) bromide is electrolysed.
4 Sulfate ions are produced at the negative electrode when dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed.
559
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An energy level diagram for a reaction is shown.
Which statement and explanation about this reaction are correct?
591
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571
Hydrated cobalt(II) chloride decomposes when heated.
$$\text{CoCl}_2\cdot 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{CoCl}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O}$$
Which statements about this reaction are correct?
1. $\text{CoCl}_2$ is anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride.
2. Heat is released when water is added to $\text{CoCl}_2$.
3. $\text{CoCl}_2\cdot 6\text{H}_2\text{O}$ is blue.
4. The reaction is not reversible.
528
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In experiment 1, small lumps of limestone are added to dilute hydrochloric acid at 40°C. The volume of carbon dioxide released is measured at regular time intervals. The results are shown. Which changes give the results shown in experiment 2? [Table_1]
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A sequence of changes involving sulfur is shown.
$$\text{S}(\text{s}) \xrightarrow{\text{change 1}} \text{S}(\text{l}) \xrightarrow{\text{change 2}} \text{SO}_2(\text{g})$$
Which row describes the changes?
599
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535
Which statements about dilute sulfuric acid are correct?
1. It turns red litmus paper blue.
2. It reacts with magnesium(II) oxide to form magnesium(II) sulfate and water.
3. It reacts with magnesium to form magnesium(II) sulfate and carbon dioxide.
4. Its pH is below pH 7.
552
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543
X is a white powder. The following tests are done on X.
• No precipitate is seen when a few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide are added to a solution of X.
• No gas is formed when X is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
• X gives a lilac colour when put into a flame.
• When acidified aqueous silver nitrate is added to a solution of X a yellow precipitate is seen.
What is X?
543
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518
A method used to make copper(II) sulfate crystals is shown.
1. Place dilute sulfuric acid in a beaker.
2. Warm the acid.
3. Add copper(II) oxide until it is in excess.
4. Filter the mixture.
5. Evaporate the filtrate until crystals start to form.
6. Leave the filtrate to cool.
What are the purposes of step 3 and step 4?
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508
Which element from Period 3 of the Periodic Table has the most metallic character?
583
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532
Which pair of elements reacts together most violently?
502
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501
Which statement does not describe a transition element?
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577
Which statement describes a gas which is in Group VIII of the Periodic Table?
514
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514
Some properties of substance X are listed.
• It conducts electricity when molten.
• It has a high melting point.
• It burns in oxygen and the oxide dissolves in water to give a solution with pH 11.
What is X?
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503
A metal reacts vigorously with water. Which statement about the metal is correct?
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Iron is extracted from its ore in the blast furnace. Which raw material is not used in this process?
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Which statement about metals and their uses is correct?
507
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521
River water contains soluble impurities, insoluble impurities and bacteria.
River water is made safe to drink by filtration and chlorination.
Which statement is correct?
527
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Clean, dry air contains nitrogen, oxygen and small amounts of other gases. The noble gases have been left out of the table.
Which row shows the composition of clean, dry air?
[Table_1]
541
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582
The apparatus shown is set up and left for a week.
Which diagram shows the level of the water at the end of the week?
568
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Farmers add calcium oxide (lime) and ammonium salts to their fields.
The compounds are not added at the same time because they react with each other.
Which gas is produced in this reaction?
551
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503
Which information about carbon dioxide and methane is correct? [Table_1]
561
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505
What are uses of sulfur dioxide?
1. as a bleach in the manufacture of wood pulp
2. as a food preservative
3. in the conversion of iron to steel
4. in water treatment
578
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Which type of reaction occurs when lime is manufactured from limestone?
507
541
546
The structures of four organic compounds, W, X, Y and Z, are shown.
Which compounds are members of the same homologous series?
561
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551
How many different types of bonds are present in ethanoic acid, CH₃COOH?
[Table_1]
502
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516
Which products are obtained by the cracking of an alkane?
[Table_1]
515
526
505
Which statement about aqueous ethanoic acid is correct?
531
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579
The diagram shows the structure of a monomer and of the polymer made from it.
What are the monomer and polymer?
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514
