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The diagrams show a plant at the start of an experiment, and the same plant two weeks later.
Which characteristics of living organisms are demonstrated by this experiment?
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Donkeys and zebras are different species. They can breed to produce an animal called a zedonk.
Zedonks are not fertile.
Which statement is correct?
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Which feature is characteristic only of birds?
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Which features do animal cells share with plant cells? [Table_1]
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A bacterium is 0.5 μm long. A student makes a drawing of the bacterium. The student's drawing is 100 mm long. What is the magnification of the student's drawing?
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Red blood cells were placed in pure water.
Movement of water across the cell membrane caused a change in their appearance.
What caused this change in appearance?
[Table_1]
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The diagram shows a root hair cell.
Why does a root hair cell contain a large number of mitochondria?
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Which identifies the chemical elements found in proteins? [Table_1]
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Enzyme X digests protein in the stomach.
Four test-tubes were set up, each contained the same amounts of protein and enzyme X. The test-tubes are kept at different levels of pH and temperature, as shown in the table.
In which test-tube will protein digestion be quickest?
[Table showing test-tube conditions: pH and temperature/°C]
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Which substance is used up in photosynthesis?
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The diagram shows a leaf as seen in cross-section under the microscope.
What are tissues 1, 2 and 3?
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The pie charts show the composition of 100g of four different foods. Which food provides the most energy?
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Cholera is a disease caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae which produces a toxin in the infected person’s gut. What is the effect of this toxin?
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The diagram shows an experiment kept at room temperature.
What is present in the water surrounding the membrane after 45 minutes?
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The diagram shows a cross-section through a plant root.
What is found at Q and R?
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Rabbits can damage trees by eating the bark and phloem.
If the damage goes all the way around the stem, what will happen in the tree?
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The table shows the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the blood of four patients.
Which patient is most likely to have a deficiency of iron in their diet \textbf{and} will find it difficult to form a blood clot?
[Table_1]
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Which row describes the features of passive immunity? [Table_1]
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What is the sequence of structures through which a molecule of oxygen passes from the air to the blood of a person?
1 bronchiole
2 capillary
3 alveolus wall
4 larynx
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How do green plants and mammals obtain their energy?
[Table_1]
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Lactic acid builds up in the muscles during vigorous exercise.
During recovery, how is this lactic acid removed?
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The diagram shows a synapse.
Heroin is a drug that can bind with receptors in a synapse.
What is the most likely effect heroin will have on the synapse?
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The diagram shows the muscles that control the size of the pupil in an eye.
How do the muscles make the pupil smaller?
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In a plant shoot, where is auxin made and what is its effect?
[Table_1]
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A patient has dye injected into the blood supply to his kidneys. The dye appears in his excretory system as shown.
Which part is blocked?
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Which substance in tobacco smoke directly reduces the oxygenation of blood?
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The concentrations of LH and oestrogen are measured during part of a menstrual cycle.
On which day does ovulation occur?
[Table_1]
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Where are oestrogen and progesterone produced during the menstrual cycle in a woman who is not pregnant?
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A haploid nucleus is defined as one that contains
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The diagram shows a diploid cell and alleles R and r on one pair of chromosomes.
[Image_1: Diagram of a cell with alleles R and r]
When this cell divides by mitosis, which daughter cells will be produced?
[Table_1: Chromosome and genotype table]
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Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by a mutation in the haemoglobin gene.
The normal base sequence is shown in 1, and the sickle-cell base sequence is shown in 2.
1 TGA GGA CTC CTC
2 TGA GGA CAC CTC
What causes the change in the DNA?
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The diagram shows part of a section through the leaf of a water lily.
Their leaves are adapted to help them to live on the surface of the water.
How is the leaf of this plant adapted to being a hydrophyte?
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What could be responsible for the conversion of nitrogen in the atmosphere to nitrates in the soil?
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Which statement describes the effect of a disease which kills members of a population?
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The diagram shows a pyramid of numbers in a food chain.
What type of organism is the tree shrew?
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The diagram shows a bacterium.
Which structure is used in genetic engineering?
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Penicillin is made in a fermenter by growing organisms.
Which type of organism is used in the production of penicillin?
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What are the possible effects of deforestation? [Table_1]
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The bloodworm is an organism that is found in heavily polluted water.
The diagram shows where raw sewage flows into a river.
Where would there be fewest bloodworms?
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